7 easy steps to conduct effective user testing

User testing looks at whether your offering works as expected (functionality) and enables users to accomplish their goals (usability)—both of which are critical to maintain a happy user base. This customer-centric approach towards product development ultimately saves you time, money, and effort, all while ensuring you meet user needs. 

This guide gives you seven easy steps to evaluate your product or design through your users' eyes. You'll learn to choose the correct user testing method for your needs and create the optimal environment to run your test.

Let’s begin.

Get started with user testing using this simple seven-step framework:

1. Identify your testing goals

2. Select a suitable testing method

3. Recruit the right test participants

4. Find a fitting test location or environment

5. Run your test

6. Document the data and insights

7. Analyze the results

Step 1: identify your testing goals

Start by defining your test goals. Clear objectives direct your efforts and make it easy to evaluate test results later on.

To set your goals, know what you want to learn from your users. For example, you might investigate: 

• How long does it take users to complete a task on your site?

• Are people satisfied with your service or product? 

• What do customers think is missing from your offering?

Also, be sure to specify a focus area, like uncovering usability issues or testing your assumptions about your product’s core features.

Step 2: select a suitable testing method

User research reveals what people think and how they feel about your product or design, as well as how they perceive and interact with it. That’s a wide range of user experiences—and one type of test alone can’t possibly capture it all. 

But the growing emphasis on human-centered design and the evolution of research methods mean you can now easily pick from a broad range of user testing types to find one that matches your purpose. 

For example, there’s usability testing, a subtype of user testing, which lets you see how quick and easy it is for visitors to use your site or product. On the other hand, session recordings come in when you need to observe unusual mouse movements and rage clicks, helping you understand how people navigate your pages.

Which is the ideal user testing method for you?

Here are a few of the most popular user test types to consider when selecting your method:

• A/B testing: compare two variations of a webpage, app, or other digital assets to determine which one performs better. This helps you validate assumptions regarding certain changes, but can't tell you why they work (or don’t).

• Session recordings: observe clicks, taps, and mouse movements—generally how users behave and interact with your site. Then, send them a survey to investigate further.

• Surveys: complement usability testing, A/B testing, and recordings with in-person, on-site, or external surveys and collect feedback from real users. Hear it straight from them to spot bugs, uncover issues, and discover opportunities effectively.

• Heatmaps: get an aggregate view of where users click, how far they scroll, what grabs their attention, and what they ignore on a page. For instance, use Hotjar Heatmaps to learn whether your landing page copy inspires them to take action.

• Concept testing: ask users about your UX design ideas and concepts before launching them. Concept testing is a survey type in Hotjar that lets you gauge whether customers will respond positively to your decisions..

👀This is just a peek. If you want a comprehensive take on user testing methods, check out the following chapter.

Step 3: recruit the right test participants

Now it's time to recruit participants for user testing. You might wonder: who you gonna call? As we already mentioned, your test subjects should be your product's or service's real users or the people who fit your buyer personas.

Regardless of the user testing method, you can automate participant recruitment using technology like Hotjar Engage. Your workload gets lighter because Engage also lets you schedule and include user tests in your interviews. 

Here are a few examples of how to streamline your user research with Engage:

1. 👩‍🎨 Product designers can recruit and schedule interviews with target users from their existing user base. During an interview, the host can ask users to navigate a new prototype, gather user feedback, and use the insights to inform product development decisions.

2. 🧑‍💻 Product managers can ask existing customers to participate in testing a newly released feature for usability issues. When conducting the usability test, they can then observe users completing tasks.

3. 👩‍🔬 Researchers can pluck future candidates for user testing out of Hotjar Engage's 175,000-strong pool of testers. Once they’ve ensured the users match their company's buyer personas, they can conduct in-depth interviews regarding their goals and pain points.

Tap into these interviews' quantitative and qualitative insights in your next user test.

Step 4: find a fitting test location or environment

The ideal setting depends on your chosen method. A/B testing, surveys, recordings, heatmaps, and even beta testing can be remote and moderated or unmoderated, meaning, you can set up the test via an online call or let users visit your site from wherever they usually do it:

• Let's say a site wants to validate a new filter feature's potential to enhance conversions and lift sales. In this case, the host and testers don't need to be in the same room (even if the business can afford it). 

• Test facilitators can simply create an A/B test and trigger Hotjar to capture recordings of users applying (or ignoring) the filter. And users can continue to access the app or site at home, during their commute, or at work.

Of course, some situations still call for a physical location. For instance, in-person moderated usability testing requires your team to meet test subjects in their homes, community, or any appropriate space. Your office or a lab is also a good option if you require specialized tools like eye-tracking equipment.

Here, you can sit down with the user, instruct them on what to do, and ask follow-up questions immediately while observing them making specific actions.

Step 5: run your test

Before conducting your test, ensure your participants have all the necessary instructions and information. This may include the test objectives, duration, necessary equipment (like a webcam), and feedback expectations (written, verbal, or through a form). 

Also, depending on whether you're in an in-person vs. remote or moderated vs. unmoderated test, you can apply these best practices:

• Get testers' permission before you observe and record them

• Give out clear instructions that won't likely be open to interpretation.

• Encourage participants to think out loud. If sending them a script or prompt before the testing day will put them at ease, do it.

• Keep your speech and body language neutral to avoid influencing the users' opinions. Otherwise, they might modify their responses to please you.

• Between screening and post-test, you should equip yourself and your team with excellent questions to pave the way for accurate test result analysis.

Step 6: document the data and insights

While the test is in progress, the moderator should focus on observing and supporting the participants. Pay attention to details like where they initially move the cursor, what they click, and how far they scroll. Speak only when asked so as not to interrupt their flow.

Ideally, a second teammate notes what the users say or don't say (non-verbal cues), how they complete the task, and where they get confused, hesitate, or get stuck. You and your team can review the recording later, alongside the notes and transcript, to better understand the subjects' experience.

Step 7: analyze the results

As you sift through the data collected during the test, consider every piece of feedback and identify the most significant issues that need to be addressed. 

Stay organized by using a method that works for you, such as a color-coded system for grouping similar situations together and spotting patterns. And don't feel the need to fix every single thing that went wrong during the testing. Instead, prioritize the most problematic yet high-impact issues to improve your UX design effectively. 

If you wish to conduct usability testing, include these user metrics in your planning and analysis:

• Successful task completion: a participant successfully completed a task, such as typing a required value in a form field

• Critical errors: a participant failed to complete the task or provided an incorrect value 

• Non-critical errors: errors made by users that did not prevent them from completing the task. Non-critical errors are low impact but can still make task completion less efficient.

• Error-free rate: the percentage of test participants who completed the task without any errors (critical or non-critical)

• Time on task: the length of time it took the participant to complete the task

• Subjective measures: user opinions related to factors such as likes and dislikes, satisfaction, ease of use, and ease of finding information

Test early and test often

No business investing in its users—making them feel included in the development of a product or service that's supposed to meet their needs—will ever regret this decision.

With a proven framework, practical yet powerful tools, and a dedicated team, you have all the elements needed to make user testing successful.

So, put everything you've learned here to work. And don't let your website, product, or service be a hit or miss.